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History of iTunes
The history of iTunes started in Initially conceived of as a simple music player, over time iTunes developed into a sophisticated multimedia content manager, hardware synchronization manager and e-commerce platform. iTunes enables users to manage media content, create playlists, synchronize media content with handheld devices including the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, re-image and update handheld devices, stream Internet radio and purchase music, films, television shows, and audiobooks via the iTunes Store.
History[edit]
Apple based the initial release of iTunes on SoundJam MP, a program developed by Bill Kincaid and released by Casady & Greene in [1] Apple purchased the program from Casady & Greene in At the time of the purchase, Kincaid, Jeff Robbin and Dave Heller left Casady & Greene to continue development of the program as Apple employees. At Apple, the developers simplified SoundJam's user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed the program's recording feature and skin support.[2]
Apple released version of the program under a new name "iTunes" on January 9, at Macworld San Francisco. Macintosh users immediately began poking through iTunes's resource fork, where they discovered numerous strings and other resources that indicated that iTunes was a re-engineered Sound Jam MP. Casady & Greene ceased distribution of SoundJam MP on June 1, at the request of the developers.[3]
Originally a Mac OS 9-only application, iTunes began to support Mac OS X with the release of version in March Release added support for the then-new iPod.[4] Version 3 dropped Mac OS 9 support but added smart playlists and a ratings system.[5] In April , version introduced the iTunes Store; in October, version added support for MicrosoftWindows and Windows XP.[6] Introduced at Macworld with the new iPod Shuffle, Version introduced the ability to convert higher-bitrate songs to kbit/s AAC automatically, as these devices did not natively support audio encoded in AIFF or Apple Lossless formats, also improving the value proposition of the Shuffle's limited flash-only storage.[7] Version introduced gapless playback and Cover Flow in September [8] In March , iTunes added support for Windows Vista,[9] and was the last Windows version.[10]
iTunes lacked support for bit versions of Windows until the update on January 16, iTunes is currently supported under any bit version of Windows, although the iTunes executable was still bit until version The bit versions of Windows XP and Windows Server are not supported by Apple, but a workaround has been devised for both operating systems.[11] Version added Genius playlists, grid view, and a new default visualizer.[12]
iTunes 9 added "Home Share" enabling automatic updating of purchased items across other computers on the same subnet and offers a new iTunes Store UI. Genius Mixes were added, as well as improved App synchronization abilities, extending the iPod Shuffle kbit/s down-convert feature to all of Apple's AAC-capable devices.[13] It also adds iTunes LPs to the store, which gives additional media with an album. Apple added iTunes Extras as well to the store, which adds content usually reserved for films on DVD and Blu-ray discs.[14] Both iTunes LPs and Extras use web-standards HTML, JavaScript, and CSS.[15]
On September 1, , Apple held their annual music press event where they unveiled an updated version: iTunes The new version was available for download later that day. One major feature includes the integration of "iTunes Ping", which brings a social factor to the iTunes experience. Apple CEO Steve Jobs also announced a new logo, one without a CD in the background because of the increasing popularity of iTunes digital downloads.
In October , Apple announced the launch of the iPhone 5 and iPad Mini, the refresh of the iPod and Mac lines, and the upcoming release of iTunes Slated for release by the end of October, the launch was pushed back to November 29, This version included tighter integration with iCloud, and a new user interface. Users' libraries now include all media they have stored in their iCloud account, along with any media unique to the device they are using. Media files stored in the cloud don't need to be downloaded before playing, allowing a larger collection to be accessible without increased disk usage. The new user interface includes a refreshed grid view, which replaces Cover Flow as the default layout method. With this change, Cover Flow is no longer available within the application. With the release of this software, the iTunes Store was redesigned to remain consistent with the new interface, and the stores available on iOS devices. The social element Ping was also removed and replaced by increased Twitter and Facebook integration. Other minor changes included disabling the sidebar by default, and slightly altering the icon to match that of the Mac App Store better.
On October 16, , Apple released iTunes 12, with a redesigned icon and interface, inspired by OS X Yosemite. With iTunes and later, there is a new widget for notification center in OS X Yosemite, which allows the user to see what's playing, skip ahead, and even buy songs from iTunes Radio, right from notification center. It also improves performance when syncing to an iOS device.
iTunes has been credited with accelerating shifts within the music industry. The pricing structure of iTunes encouraged the sale of single songs, allowing users to abandon the purchase of more expensive albums. This hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music.
On April 26, , Apple released iTunes 12 for Windows 10 via the Windows Store. The Universal Windows Platform app retains all features available in the desktop version, but will be updated and available through the Windows Store.[16]
On June 3, , Apple stated that they would no longer include iTunes with future Mac computers. Starting with the operating system macOS Catalina, Apple instead split iTunes into separate apps: Apple Music, Apple TV, and Apple Podcasts.[17][18] iTunes continues to be available on Windows and on macOS operating systems prior to Catalina.[18][17] Users can also still install iTunes versions 10, 11, and 12 on macOS Catalina and macOS Big Sur using the Retroactive app.[19]
Compatibility[edit]
Operating system versions[edit]
| Operating system version | Original version | Latest version | Support start | Support end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mac OS 9 | (January 9, ) | [20] (March 20, ) | ||
| Mac OS X "Cheetah" | (March 24, ) | [21] (May 1, ) | ||
| Mac OS X "Puma" | (September 25, ) | (January 11, ) | ||
| Mac OS X "Jaguar" | [22] (July 17, ) | (June 29, ) | ||
| Mac OS X "Panther" | (October 16, ) | [23] (July 31, ) | ||
| Mac OS X "Tiger" for G3 | (January 11, ) | [24] (April 27, ) | ||
| Mac OS X "Tiger" for G4, G5 | [25] (July 19, ) | |||
| Mac OS X "Tiger" for Intel | (January 10, ) | |||
| Mac OS X "Leopard" | (September 17, ) | [26] (June 11, ) | ||
| Mac OS X "Snow Leopard" | (August 28, ) | [27] (September 9, ) | ||
| Mac OS X "Lion" | (July 19, ) | [28] (August 13, ) | ||
| OS X "Mountain Lion" | (June 11, ) | [29] (August 2, ) | ||
| OS X "Mavericks" | (October 22, ) | [30] (July 19, ) | ||
| OS X "Yosemite" | (October 16, ) | (February 5, ) | ||
| OS X "El Capitan" | (August 13, ) | (January 23, ) | present | |
| macOS "Sierra" | (September 13, ) | |||
| macOS "High Sierra" | (September 12, ) | |||
| macOS "Mojave" | (September 12, ) | (May 13, ) | ||
| Windows | (October 16, ) | (August 2, ) | ||
| Windows XP for x86 | (September 17, ) | |||
| Windows Vista for x86 | (May 29, ) | |||
| Windows Vista for x64 | (January 15, ) | |||
| Windows 7 | (October 29, ) | (October 21, ) | present | |
| Windows 8 | (September 12, ) | |||
| Windows | (October 2, ) | |||
| Windows 10 | (July 13, ) |
- iTunes Store requires at least version 9, dropping support for earlier versions.
- iTunes on Windows Home Server may cause data corruption, which Microsoft fixed in an update.[31]
- iTunes usually requires latest service pack or point release to function.
- a. ^ Mac OS is required to burn CDs.
- b. ^ iTunes supports both bit and bit editions for Windows Vista, 7, 8, , and Windows and bit editions of Windows XP are not supported.
Devices[edit]
- ^ abcWi-Fi iPads and GSM iPad 2 only
Version history[edit]
| Obsolete | Discontinued | Current | Beta | Future Release |
iTunes 1[edit]
| iTunes 1 version history | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Version | Operating systems | Release date | Release notes / Features |
| Mac: 9 | January&#;9, ; 19&#;years ago&#;() | Original release based on SoundJam MP code.[67] |
| Mac: | February&#;21, ; 19&#;years ago&#;() | External burners, improved visual effects, more supported CD burners.[68] Initial Mac OS X version.[69] Bundled with Mac OS X v |
| May&#;1, ; 19&#;years ago&#;() | Burning CDs, full screen visual effects, stability/performance improvements,[70] available in Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, and Spanish.[citation needed] | |
| Mac: | September&#;25, ; 19&#;years ago&#;() | Bundled with Mac OS X v[71] |
| Version | Operating systems | Release date | Release notes / Features |
iTunes 2[edit]
| iTunes 2 version history | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Version | Operating systems | Release date | Release notes / Features |
| Mac: | October&#;23, ; 19&#;years ago&#;() | iPod support, CD burning improvements, equalizer/cross-fader/sound enhancer added.[72] |
| November&#;4, ; 19&#;years ago&#;() | Fixes installer issue which may result in data loss.[73] CD Burning updates.[74] | |
| November&#;16, ; 19&#;years ago&#;() | Update German and French language support.[citation needed] | |
| December&#;13, ; 18&#;years ago&#;() | iPod synching improvements, support for Rio One MP3 player.[75] | |
| March&#;20, ; 18&#;years ago&#;() | Improved stability/performance, expanded AppleScript support. Last version to support Mac OS 9.[76] | |
| Version | Operating systems | Release date | Release notes / Features |
iTunes 3[edit]
| iTunes 3 version history | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Version | Mac OS support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
| July&#;17, ; 18&#;years ago&#;() | Smart playlists, more song list categories (including the My Rating column), diseinuak4web.netiobook support.[77] | |
| September&#;18, ; 18&#;years ago&#;() | Performance improvements, better Mac OS X v support.[78] | |
| Version | Mac OS support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
iTunes 4[edit]
| iTunes 4 version history | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Version | Mac OS support | Windows support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
| April&#;28, ; 17&#;years ago&#;() | Music Store support, AAC audio codec, DVD burning, music sharing, GUI improvements.[79] | ||
| May&#;27, ; 17&#;years ago&#;() | Performance improvements, music sharing only in subnet.[80] | ||
| –XP | October&#;16, ; 17&#;years ago&#;() | Music store/CD burning improvements, Windows support added, voice notes, on-the-go playlists.[81] | |
| December&#;18, ; 16&#;years ago&#;() | AOL accounts with music store, GUI, and performance improvements.[82] | ||
| April&#;28, ; 16&#;years ago&#;() | iMix, party shuffle, CD insert printing, music store improvements, WMA to AAC conversion (Windows only), Apple Lossless audio codec.[83] | ||
| June&#;9, ; 16&#;years ago&#;() | AirTunes support, minor improvements.[84] | ||
| October&#;27, ; 16&#;years ago&#;() | Copying photos to iPod Photo, GUI/performance improvements, Windows taskbar minimizing.[85] | ||
| January&#;11, ; 15&#;years ago&#;() | iPod Shuffle support added, blocks DRM stripping applications, limited to 5 connections per day to networked music libraries.[86]Last version to support Mac OS X Puma. Bundled with Mac OS X v | ||
| May&#;9, ; 15&#;years ago&#;() | Video support, international music stores supported,[87] security enhancements.[88] | ||
| June&#;28, ; 15&#;years ago&#;() | Podcasting,[89]Motorola ROKR E1 mobile phone support added.[citation needed] | ||
| Version | Mac OS support | Windows support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
iTunes 5[edit]
| iTunes 5 version history | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Version | Mac OS support | Windows support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
| –XP | September&#;7, ; 15&#;years ago&#;() | GUI refined, search bar improvements, parental controls, playlist folders introduced, smart shuffle, iPod Nano support.[90] | |
| September&#;20, ; 15&#;years ago&#;() | Bonjour for Windows removed from bundle after DNS conflict problems, bug fixes.[91] | ||
| Version | Mac OS support | Windows support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
iTunes 6[edit]
| iTunes 6 version history | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Version | Mac OS support | Windows support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
| –XP | October&#;12, ; 15&#;years ago&#;() | GUI/music store changes, blocks DRM remover utilities, transfer videos to 5th generation iPod classic.[92] | |
| October&#;20, ; 15&#;years ago&#;() | Bug fixes,[93]Motorola SLVR L7 and RAZR V3i mobile phone support added.[41] | ||
| January&#;10, ; 14&#;years ago&#;() | Bug fixes, video conversion for home movies, AirTunes enhancements, iTunes MiniStore, now Universal binary (running on both Intel and PowerPC Macs).[94] | ||
| February&#;15, ; 14&#;years ago&#;() | Bug fixes, performance enhancements.[95] | ||
| March&#;1, ; 14&#;years ago&#;() | Stability and performance issues with Front Row.[96] | ||
| March&#;3, ; 14&#;years ago&#;() | Fixes possible playlist problems in [citation needed] | ||
| June&#;29, ; 14&#;years ago&#;() | Added Nike+iPod support and Nike Sport area on the iTunes Store.[97] | ||
| Version | Mac OS support | Windows support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
iTunes 7[edit]
| iTunes 7 version history | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Version | Mac OS support | Windows support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
| , XP | September&#;12, ; 14&#;years ago&#;() | Video playback/purchasing improvements, iPod games, Major GUI changes, gapless playback and album, sync purchased content from iPod to computer, Cover Flow added.[98] | |
| September&#;27, ; 14&#;years ago&#;() | Stability and performance improvements with Cover Flow, CD importing, iPod synching, and one-click rating. Fixed issues with Remote Desktop Protocol and Windows Live Messenger.[99] | ||
| October&#;31, ; 14&#;years ago&#;() | Support for second generation shuffle and nano, fixed stability/performance issues with and [] | ||
| March&#;4, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Apple TV support, additional 2G shuffle support, GUI improvements, fixes Windows Vista issues, enhanced sorting options, full-screen Cover Flow.[] | ||
| March&#;16, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Stability/performance/compatibility fixes.[] | ||
| –Vista | May&#;29, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Fully supports Vista,[] iTunes Plus introduced with &#;kbit/s DRM-free music tracks,[]iTunes U introduced which offers free content from some of the top universities around the United States.[] Also included GUI Update for Windows Vista | |
| June&#;29, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Support for iPhone activation/synching, GUI changes/fixes.[] Changes sorting pattern.[] | ||
| July&#;11, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Bug fixes.[] | ||
| August&#;2, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Bug fixes for increased stability/performance.[]Last version to support Windows .[citation needed] | ||
| XP-Vista | September&#;6, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Support for iPod Touch, Classic (6G), Nano (3G), and adds interface art for new iPod Shuffle colors. GUI improvements.[] | |
| September&#;7, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Blocks a workaround that allowed free ringtones.[] However, a new workaround was found within one day of release.[] | ||
| September&#;17, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Addresses an issue with creating ringtones using iTunes Plus song purchases and includes bug fixes to improve stability and performance.[] Bundled with Mac OS X v | ||
| September&#;27, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Addresses issues with the initial setup of the iPod Touch on some international versions of Windows.[] | ||
| November&#;5, ; 13&#;years ago&#;() | Allows activation of iPhones outside of the United States wherever activation is available, (e.g. United Kingdom and Germany) as well as security and stability fixes. Also included is a GUI update for Leopard, and the ability to add custom ringtones for free.[] Includes support for iPod game Phase. Shows iPod battery level in source list (iPod Nano 3G, iPod Classic, iPod Touch, and iPhone with software). Last version to support Windows XP RTM and Service Pack 1 (bit). | ||
| January&#;15, ; 12&#;years ago&#;() | Rent movies from the iTunes Store. Transfer Apple TV purchases to your computer. Allows manual management of music on iPhones. Added support for Windows Vista bit.[][failed verification] | ||
| February&#;21, ; 12&#;years ago&#;() | Several bug fixes, improved compatibility with Apple TV 'Take Two', iTunes freezing bug fixed.[] | ||
| April&#;2, ; 12&#;years ago&#;() | Bug fixes.[] | ||
| July&#;10, ; 12&#;years ago&#;() | Support for iPhone 3G,[51]iOS and the new App Store which features application downloads for the iPhone and iPod Touch as well as enabling the two products to act as remotes for wireless iTunes control.[] | ||
| July&#;31, ; 12&#;years ago&#;() | Improved stability/performance. Last version to support Mac OS X Panther.[] | ||
| Version | Mac OS support | Windows support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
iTunes 8[edit]
| iTunes 8 version history | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Version | Mac OS support | Windows support | Release date | Release notes / Features |
| XP-Vista | September&#;9, ; 12&#;years ago&#;() | Genius Sidebar and playlists, Grid View, HD TV shows, Shows capacity of Apps on iPhone/iPod Touch on device summary tab, new default visualizer, more flexible podcast options and support for second generation iPod Touch and 4th generation iPod Nano.[] | |
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